| Fall of Babylon | 539 | Cyrus of Persia (539–530) |
| 1st return of exiles to Jerusalem | 538 | |
| Temple building begins | 536 | |
| Temple completed | 516 | Darius I (522–486) |
| Esther in palace of Xerxes | 478 | Xerxes I/Ahasuerus (485–464) |
| 2nd return of exiles to Jerusalem under Ezra | 458 | Artaxerxes I (464–423) |
| 3rd return of exiles to Jerusalem under Nehemiah | 445 |
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