Jude's Application of Prophecies and Events

Jude often refers to prophecies or events and then applies them to the false teachers with the word “these,” thereby showing how these past events and prophecies are to be understood.

Reference	Past event	Application to false teachers	Reference
vv. 5–7	Judgment on Israel, angels, and Sodom and Gomorrah	“these people also”	v. 8
v. 9	Michael did not rebuke the devil	“But these people”	v. 10
v. 11	Cain, Balaam, Korah	“These”	v. 12
vv. 14–15	Enoch's proclamation of judgment	“These”	v. 16
vv. 17–18	Predictions of apostles	“It is these”	v. 19